When fertility concerns or unusual uterine symptoms arise, a doctor may recommend a procedure that allows them to look directly inside the uterus. Hysteroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used to examine the uterus, identify certain abnormalities, and treat some conditions when required. It can be useful during infertility evaluation and for investigating problems such as abnormal bleeding.
What Is Hysteroscopy?
Hysteroscopy involves using a thin instrument called a hysteroscope. It has a camera and light that allow the doctor to view the inside of the uterus. The instrument is inserted through the vagina and cervix, so the procedure does not require a large abdominal incision.
During the procedure, fluid or gas may be introduced into the uterus to improve visibility. This helps the doctor examine the uterine cavity and identify abnormalities that may need further evaluation or treatment.
Hysteroscopy can be performed for diagnosis or treatment. Diagnostic hysteroscopy is mainly used to examine the uterus and identify possible causes of symptoms. Operative hysteroscopy allows the doctor to treat certain conditions during the same procedure.
Why Is Hysteroscopy Done?
There are several reasons why a doctor may recommend hysteroscopy. It may be used to investigate abnormal uterine bleeding or problems that could affect fertility. The procedure can help identify conditions such as uterine fibroids, polyps, adhesions, and abnormalities affecting the uterine cavity.
For women experiencing infertility, examining the uterus can provide useful information about the environment where an embryo may implant. If an abnormality is identified, appropriate treatment can sometimes be performed through the hysteroscope.
Depending on the condition, operative hysteroscopy may be used for procedures such as removing polyps or fibroids, treating adhesions, correcting a uterine septum, or carrying out other treatments involving the uterine cavity.
What to Expect Before the Procedure
Before undergoing hysteroscopy, your doctor will review your medical history and discuss your symptoms and reason for recommending the procedure. You should inform your doctor about medicines, supplements, allergies, or existing health concerns.
The type of anaesthesia or sedation used can depend on the purpose and extent of the procedure. You may receive instructions about eating, drinking, and taking medicines before the procedure.
Since some patients may feel tired after anaesthesia or sedation, arranging transportation home can be helpful. Your doctor will provide specific preparation instructions based on your individual situation.
What Happens During Hysteroscopy?
Before the procedure begins, you may be asked to change into a hospital gown. The doctor positions you for the examination and may use medication to help you remain comfortable.
The hysteroscope is carefully passed through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. Fluid may then be introduced to expand the uterine cavity and provide a clearer view.
The doctor examines the uterine lining and other areas within the cavity. If a problem is identified and treatment is planned, small surgical instruments can be passed through the hysteroscope. The length of the procedure depends on whether it is being used only for diagnosis or whether additional treatment is required.
Recovery After the Procedure
After hysteroscopy, you may spend some time in a recovery area, particularly if anaesthesia or sedation was used. In many cases, it is performed as an outpatient procedure, allowing patients to return home on the same day.
Mild cramping or spotting may occur after the procedure. Some women may experience light bleeding for a few days. Your doctor may recommend avoiding sexual intercourse, tampons, or strenuous activities for a certain period while you recover.
It is important to follow the instructions provided by your healthcare team. Contact your doctor if you experience heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever, or other unusual symptoms after the procedure.
For women undergoing fertility evaluation, hysteroscopy can provide a closer look at the uterine cavity and help doctors identify problems that may require treatment. Understanding why the procedure is recommended, what happens during it, and what recovery may involve can make the experience easier to prepare for. Your fertility specialist can explain whether hysteroscopy is appropriate for your specific situation and what to expect based on your treatment plan.
